属性封装-材质、光
主要是针对面向对象的设计，shader数据使用
结构struct来抽象个体
材质 > 描述物体特有反射、散射、高光等属性。
#version 330 core //结构定义 struct Material { vec3 ambient; vec3 diffuse; vec3 specular; float shininess; }; //材质属性 uniform Material material;使用材质属性变量
void main() { // 环境光 vec3 ambient = lightColor * material.ambient; // 漫反射 vec3 norm = normalize(Normal); vec3 lightDir = normalize(lightPos - FragPos); float diff = max(dot(norm, lightDir), 0.0); vec3 diffuse = lightColor * (diff * material.diffuse); // 镜面光 vec3 viewDir = normalize(viewPos - FragPos); vec3 reflectDir = reflect(-lightDir, norm); float spec = pow(max(dot(viewDir, reflectDir), 0.0), material.shininess); vec3 specular = lightColor * (spec * material.specular); vec3 result = ambient + diffuse + specular; FragColor = vec4(result, 1.0); }为Shader材质属性设置值 > 结构体只是作为uniform变量的一个封装，所以如果想填充这个结构体的话，我们仍需要对
每个单独的uniform进行设置，但这次要带上结构体名的前缀：lightingShader.setVec3("material.ambient", 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.31f); lightingShader.setVec3("material.diffuse", 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.31f); lightingShader.setVec3("material.specular", 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f); lightingShader.setFloat("material.shininess", 32.0f);光的属性 > 光的对应属性叠加材质对应属性
struct Light { vec3 position; vec3 ambient; vec3 diffuse; vec3 specular; }; uniform Light light;使用光属性变量
cpp void main() { // ambient vec3 ambient = light.ambient * material.ambient; // diffuse vec3 norm = normalize(Normal); vec3 lightDir = normalize(light.position - FragPos); float diff = max(dot(norm, lightDir), 0.0); vec3 diffuse = light.diffuse * (diff * material.diffuse); // specular vec3 viewDir = normalize(viewPos - FragPos); vec3 reflectDir = reflect(-lightDir, norm); float spec = pow(max(dot(viewDir, reflectDir), 0.0), material.shininess); vec3 specular = light.specular * (spec * material.specular); vec3 result = ambient + diffuse + specular; FragColor = vec4(result, 1.0); }为光属性传递值
cpp lightingShader.setVec3("light.ambient", 0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f); lightingShader.setVec3("light.diffuse", 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f); // 将光照调暗了一些以搭配场景 lightingShader.setVec3("light.specular", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);完整代码
#include <glad/glad.h> #include <GLFW/glfw3.h> #include <glm/glm.hpp> #include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp> #include <glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp> #include <shader_m.h> #include <camera.h> #include <iostream> void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height); void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xpos, double ypos); void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xoffset, double yoffset); void processInput(GLFWwindow *window); // settings const unsigned int SCR_WIDTH = 800; const unsigned int SCR_HEIGHT = 600; // camera Camera camera(glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 3.0f)); float lastX = SCR_WIDTH / 2.0f; float lastY = SCR_HEIGHT / 2.0f; bool firstMouse = true; // timing float deltaTime = 0.0f; float lastFrame = 0.0f; // lighting glm::vec3 lightPos(1.2f, 1.0f, 2.0f); int main() { // glfw: initialize and configure // ------------------------------ glfwInit(); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE); #ifdef __APPLE__ glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE); #endif // glfw window creation // -------------------- GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(SCR_WIDTH, SCR_HEIGHT, "LearnOpenGL", NULL, NULL); if (window == NULL) { std::cout << "Failed to create GLFW window" << std::endl; glfwTerminate(); return -1; } glfwMakeContextCurrent(window); glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(window, framebuffer_size_callback); glfwSetCursorPosCallback(window, mouse_callback); glfwSetScrollCallback(window, scroll_callback); // tell GLFW to capture our mouse glfwSetInputMode(window, GLFW_CURSOR, GLFW_CURSOR_DISABLED); // glad: load all OpenGL function pointers // --------------------------------------- if (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress)) { std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLAD" << std::endl; return -1; } //xx glViewport(0, 0, SCR_WIDTH, SCR_WIDTH); // configure global opengl state // ----------------------------- glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); // build and compile our shader zprogram // ------------------------------------ Shader lightingShader("res/shaders/light_object_material.vs", "res/shaders/light_object_material.fs"); Shader lightCubeShader("res/shaders/cube.vs", "res/shaders/white.fs"); // set up vertex data (and buffer(s)) and configure vertex attributes // ------------------------------------------------------------------ float vertices[] = { -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, -0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, -0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, -0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f }; // first, configure the cube's VAO (and VBO) unsigned int VBO, cubeVAO; glGenVertexArrays(1, &cubeVAO); glGenBuffers(1, &VBO); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW); glBindVertexArray(cubeVAO); // position attribute glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void*)0); glEnableVertexAttribArray(0); // normal attribute glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3 * sizeof(float))); glEnableVertexAttribArray(1); // second, configure the light's VAO (VBO stays the same; the vertices are the same for the light object which is also a 3D cube) unsigned int lightCubeVAO; glGenVertexArrays(1, &lightCubeVAO); glBindVertexArray(lightCubeVAO); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO); // note that we update the lamp's position attribute's stride to reflect the updated buffer data glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void*)0); glEnableVertexAttribArray(0); // render loop // ----------- while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) { // per-frame time logic // -------------------- float currentFrame = glfwGetTime(); deltaTime = currentFrame - lastFrame; lastFrame = currentFrame; // input // ----- processInput(window); // render // ------ glClearColor(0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 1.0f); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); // be sure to activate shader when setting uniforms/drawing objects lightingShader.use(); lightingShader.setVec3("light.position", lightPos); lightingShader.setVec3("viewPos", camera.Position); // light properties glm::vec3 lightColor; lightColor.x = sin(glfwGetTime() * 2.0f); lightColor.y = sin(glfwGetTime() * 0.7f); lightColor.z = sin(glfwGetTime() * 1.3f); glm::vec3 diffuseColor = lightColor * glm::vec3(0.5f); // decrease the influence glm::vec3 ambientColor = diffuseColor * glm::vec3(0.2f); // low influence lightingShader.setVec3("light.ambient", ambientColor); lightingShader.setVec3("light.diffuse", diffuseColor); lightingShader.setVec3("light.specular", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); // material properties lightingShader.setVec3("material.ambient", 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.31f); lightingShader.setVec3("material.diffuse", 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.31f); lightingShader.setVec3("material.specular", 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f); // specular lighting doesn't have full effect on this object's material lightingShader.setFloat("material.shininess", 32.0f); // view/projection transformations glm::mat4 projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(camera.Zoom), (float)SCR_WIDTH / (float)SCR_HEIGHT, 0.1f, 100.0f); glm::mat4 view = camera.GetViewMatrix(); lightingShader.setMat4("projection", projection); lightingShader.setMat4("view", view); // world transformation glm::mat4 model = glm::mat4(1.0f); lightingShader.setMat4("model", model); // render the cube glBindVertexArray(cubeVAO); glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36); // also draw the lamp object lightCubeShader.use(); lightCubeShader.setMat4("projection", projection); lightCubeShader.setMat4("view", view); model = glm::mat4(1.0f); model = glm::translate(model, lightPos); model = glm::scale(model, glm::vec3(0.2f)); // a smaller cube lightCubeShader.setMat4("model", model); glBindVertexArray(lightCubeVAO); glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36); // glfw: swap buffers and poll IO events (keys pressed/released, mouse moved etc.) // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- glfwSwapBuffers(window); glfwPollEvents(); } // optional: de-allocate all resources once they've outlived their purpose: // ------------------------------------------------------------------------ glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &cubeVAO); glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &lightCubeVAO); glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO); // glfw: terminate, clearing all previously allocated GLFW resources. // ------------------------------------------------------------------ glfwTerminate(); return 0; } // process all input: query GLFW whether relevant keys are pressed/released this frame and react accordingly // --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- void processInput(GLFWwindow *window) { if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS) glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true); if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_W) == GLFW_PRESS) camera.ProcessKeyboard(FORWARD, deltaTime); if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_S) == GLFW_PRESS) camera.ProcessKeyboard(BACKWARD, deltaTime); if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_A) == GLFW_PRESS) camera.ProcessKeyboard(LEFT, deltaTime); if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_D) == GLFW_PRESS) camera.ProcessKeyboard(RIGHT, deltaTime); } // glfw: whenever the window size changed (by OS or user resize) this callback function executes // --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height) { // make sure the viewport matches the new window dimensions; note that width and // height will be significantly larger than specified on retina displays. glViewport(0, 0, width, height); } // glfw: whenever the mouse moves, this callback is called // ------------------------------------------------------- void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xpos, double ypos) { if (firstMouse) { lastX = xpos; lastY = ypos; firstMouse = false; } float xoffset = xpos - lastX; float yoffset = lastY - ypos; // reversed since y-coordinates go from bottom to top lastX = xpos; lastY = ypos; camera.ProcessMouseMovement(xoffset, yoffset); } // glfw: whenever the mouse scroll wheel scrolls, this callback is called // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xoffset, double yoffset) { camera.ProcessMouseScroll(yoffset); }
